Developmental Biology and Larval Ecology: The Natural History of the Crustacea, Volume 7
Klaus Anger (ed.) et al.
Published:
2020
Online ISBN:
9780197538005
Print ISBN:
9780190648954
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Developmental Biology and Larval Ecology: The Natural History of the Crustacea, Volume 7
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Gerhard Scholtz
Pages
113–142
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Published:
July 2020
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Scholtz, Gerhard, 'Duplicated, Twisted, and in the Wrong Place: : Patterns of Malformation in Crustaceans', in Klaus Anger, Steffen Harzsch, and Martin Thiel (eds), Developmental Biology and Larval Ecology: The Natural History of the Crustacea, Volume 7 (2020; online edn, Oxford Academic, 18 Mar. 2021), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190648954.003.0004, accessed 24 July 2024.
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Abstract
The study of malformations is an important tool to understand mechanisms and causes of development and regeneration. Moreover, malformations indicate the morphological potential of living beings. Hence, a deeper understanding of how, to what degree, and why organismal structures can deviate from their normal expression is interesting in an evolutionary and ecological context. Like other arthropods, and animals in general, crustaceans show a certain variety of naturally occurring malformations of different body parts. This review is restricted to those that affect the axes of appendages and the trunk. Hence, the various patterns of axis distortion are described and classified. At the general level, malformations concerning limbs are discriminated from those that alter other body outgrowths and those that affect the pattern of the trunk. Among malformation of limbs and other body appendages, misplaced structures, fissions, and fusions are classified. Conjoined twins and distorted body segments are the main features of trunk malformations. The putative causes of malformations are discussed with respect to comparative and experimental approaches. Furthermore, gene expression studies, theories, and models, such as Hans Meinhardt’s Boundary Model, are applied to explain malformations at the level of pattern formation. Apparently, many malformations are not genetic mutations and thus not inheritable, but are instead the result of distortions during early development and regeneration artifacts based on injuries, high temperature, and toxic substances. Compared with other arthropod groups, there are very few experimental studies addressing malformations in crustaceans. Hence, the causes for specific patterns of deformities remain largely obscure.
Keywords: Malformations, limb regeneration, distorted appendages, distorted body segments, misplaced structures
Subject
Zoology and Animal Sciences Aquatic Biology
Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Developmental Biology and Larval Ecology. Edited by Klaus Anger, Steffen Harzsch, and Martin Thiel.© 2020 Oxford University Press. Published 2020 by Oxford University Press.
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